Search results for "Software metric"
showing 10 items of 13 documents
An Information Systems Design Product Theory for Software Project Estimation and Measurement Systems
2009
There is relatively little research on software Project Estimation and Measurement Systems (PEMS). Commercial PEMS vary in functionality and effective- ness. Their intended users thus do not know what to ex- pect from PEMS and how to evaluate them. This paper creates an information system design product theory for the class of PEMS that prescribes the meta-requirements, the meta-design, and applicable theories for all products within the class. Meta-requirements and the meta-design are derived from the project estimation and measurement literature, experiences obtained during more than ten years of empirical work in Finnish Software Measurement Association, and a commercially available PEMS.
Startup Metrics That Tech Entrepreneurs Need to Know
2020
Metrics can be used by firms to make more objective decisions based on data. Software startups in particular are characterized by the uncertain or even chaotic nature of the contexts in which they operate. Using data in the form of metrics can help software startups to make the right decisions amid uncertainty and limited resources. However, whereas conventional business metrics and software metrics have been studied in the past, metrics in the specific context of software startups have not been studied. In this chapter, we present the results of a multivocal literature review to offer you 118 metrics practitioner experts think software startups should measure. These metrics can give you id…
Author Index
2007
In the framework of function points associated to OO-method conceptual models (OOmFP), measuring the functional size of an information system in a precise and automatic way starting from its conceptual model is today a reality. The industrial application of the OO-Method modelling tools has resulted in their evolution, incorporating support for new functional elements. The present work shows the measurement rules associated to the new functional elements supported by OO-Method conceptual models, applying these rules in tools that generate executable code from OO-Method conceptual models. Finally, a comparative analysis is performed over OO-Method models of real systems. The comparative anal…
Using knowledge of human-generated code to bias the search in program synthesis with grammatical evolution
2021
Recent studies show that program synthesis with GE produces code that has different structure compared to human-generated code, e.g., loops and conditions are hardly used. In this article, we extract knowledge from human-generated code to guide evolutionary search. We use a large code-corpus that was mined from the open software repository service GitHub and measure software metrics and properties describing the code-base. We use this knowledge to guide the search by incorporating a new selection scheme. Our new selection scheme favors programs that are structurally similar to the programs in the GitHub code-base. We find noticeable evidence that software metrics can help in guiding evoluti…
ValWorkBench: an open source Java library for cluster validation, with applications to microarray data analysis.
2015
Background: Cluster analysis is one of the most well known activities in scientific investigation and the object of research in many disciplines, ranging from statistics to computer science. It is central to the life sciences due to the advent of high throughput technologies, e.g., classification of tumors. In particular, in cluster analysis, it is of relevance to assess cluster quality and to predict the number of clusters in a dataset, if any. This latter task is usually performed via internal validation measures. Despite their potentially important role, both the use of classic internal validation measures and the design of new ones, specific for microarray data, do not seem to have grea…
A metrics suite for evaluating agent-oriented architectures
2010
The Multi-agent Systems (MASs) paradigm continues to consolidate itself as a new branch of software engineering. Traditional software engineering strongly recommends to apply metrics in software developments. However, several research groups of experts in agent-oriented software engineering agree that classical software metrics and object-oriented metrics cannot directly measure the quality of MAS architectures. For this reason, this work proposes a suite of metrics to measure certain quality attributes of MAS architectures, considering agents and their organization. Most of these metrics are inspired by object-oriented metrics but they are adapted to agent-oriented concepts. Proposed metri…
Exploratory Analysis of the Relations between Code Cloning and Open Source Software Quality
2010
In recent literature there is still a lack of understanding how the reuse and cloning of software affects its quality. The focus of this study is to analyze the relationships between source code cloning and software quality for the case of open source software project forks (SPFs) as a kind of software reuse. In total 117 releases related to three generations of eight eMule SPFs were scrutinized. Software quality was measured in terms of internal quality attributes. The tools CCFinderX and SoftCalc were used to measure code cloning metrics and internal quality attributes, respectively. In total 8 code cloning metrics and 71 internal quality attributes were analyzed. The quantitative relatio…
An Exploratory Empirical Study of Internal Quality Attributes of Open Source Software Systems
2012
This exploratory empirical study has focused on open source software (OSS). Seven medium-sized OSS systems from the SourceForge repository were analysed. Over 100 internal quality attributes and programming practices were scrutinized by using two semi-automated source code analysis tools (FindBugs and SoftCalc). Many statistically significant relations were revealed by the conducted regression analyses. Seven so-called bad programming practices; as manifested by the measured source code inconsistencies were identified as having significant relations to internal software quality. Additionally we set and tested two hypotheses. That investigation provided mixed results partly supporting some o…
Challenges of Program Synthesis with Grammatical Evolution
2020
Program synthesis is an emerging research topic in the field of EC with the potential to improve real-world software development. Grammar-guided approaches like GE are suitable for program synthesis as they can express common programming languages with their required properties. This work uses common software metrics (lines of code, McCabe metric, size and depth of the abstract syntax tree) for an analysis of GE’s search behavior and the resulting problem structure. We find that GE is not able to solve program synthesis problems, where correct solutions have higher values of the McCabe metric (which means they require conditions or loops). Since small mutations of high-quality solutions str…
On the Generalizability of Programs Synthesized by Grammar-Guided Genetic Programming
2021
Grammar-guided Genetic Programming is a common approach for program synthesis where the user’s intent is given by a set of input/output examples. For use in real-world software development, the generated programs must work on previously unseen test cases too. Therefore, we study in this work the generalizability of programs synthesized by grammar-guided GP with lexicase selection. As benchmark, we analyze proportionate and tournament selection too. We find that especially for program synthesis problems with a low output cardinality (e.g., a Boolean output) lexicase selection overfits the training cases and does not generalize well to unseen test cases. An analysis using common software metr…